Advancements in medical technology have enabled the development of new treatment options for neurological disorders. Among these are arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), which are pathological tangles of arteries and veins in the brain that can lead to serious complications such as aneurysm rupture, stroke, or hemorrhage. It is encouraging to see recent studies evaluating the effectiveness of onyx liquid embolic agents in treating intracranial AVMs, suggesting an optimistic outlook in the treatment of such complex conditions.
Lava liquid embolic agents are made up of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and have been utilized in the endovascular treatment of AVMs. The unique feature of Lava that sets it apart from other embolic agents is its ability to penetrate deeper into the AVM nidus, or central core, and form a firm cast around the vessels, effectively blocking blood flow. This feature makes Lava an attractive option for AVM treatment, as it can reduce the likelihood of hemorrhage or rupture and may eventually result in complete obliteration of the malformation. Besides, LAVA Liquid Embolic System is available in three product formulations, LAVA-12, LAVA-18 and LAVA‐34. LAVA‐12 is recommended when feeding distal microvessels and through small feeders. LAVA‐18 is recommended when feeding pedicle injections will be conducted close to the nidus. LAVA‐34 is recommended for embolizing higher flow and larger fistulous components.
The newest clinical trial showed that 105 enrolled cases (53cases in the test group and 52 cases in the control group) were successfully embolized and withdrawn smoothly, and the embolization success rate was 100%. Doctors assessed the efficacy and safety of Lava in treating AVMs. Overall, the complete obliteration rate was observed in 100% of cases, with no cases of mortality or serious permanent neurological deficits reported. While these results are promising, it is important to note that AVM treatment requires a comprehensive approach that may incorporate various modalities, depending on the patient's specific condition.
Lava liquid embolic agents have emerged as a promising option for treating intracranial arteriovenous malformations. While further research is required to fully assess the efficacy and safety of this treatment, the results of recent studies are encouraging. With continued advancements in medical technology and greater understanding of the complexities of AVMs, the outlook for patients with these conditions is positive. liquid embolic agents offer a promising and effective option for the treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformations. They offer a minimally invasive option for treating AVMs, with high technical success rates, reduced risk of complications, and excellent outcomes. As with any technology, liquid embolic agents require adherence to strict guidelines, familiarity with their use, and close teamwork between neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons. With recent technological advancements in liquid embolic agents, it is likely that they will continue to play a key role in the treatment of AVMs.